1.8–2.7 mm long. They are normally wingless but a winged form appears in late summer. Early in the season, the aphids are nearly colourless to pale…
Tender annual or perennial plants are planted in a protected environment in late winter: begonia, chrysanthemum, arguranthemum, lobelia, petunia,…
continuingly laying eggs and providing orders for the worker bumblebees. In late summer the queen will start producing new queens and males (drones)…
the warmer regions. It has been a pest in European greenhouses since the late 1980’s, particularly affecting cucumber. About Cotton aphid Life cycle…
there, sometimes on the upper surface but more commonly on the underside. The late third instar larva, that emerges from its tunnel just prior to…
the crop, sometimes attacking the stem of the plant as well as the leaves. Late instar larvae burrow into soft woody or herbaceous plant stems causing…
upward. Lesions are brown and rot on fruits is brown, water-soaked and sunken. Late infection causes top leaves to curl up. The fruits stay firm. The…
not overheated by the lamps and other means, or by the sun in spring and late autumn. The later the lights are turned on, the more time (overlap with
various fruit or seed crops. Bumblebees are active from early morning till late at night and also at relatively low temperatures (approx. 10°C) or…
eats more than 25 second and third instar mealybug nymphs. The larvae of the late third and fourth in stars are the most voracious, consuming up to 30…
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